Don't understand something, your flash has not enough power for letting you match sun's exposure at given subject distance (f16 in your example) but same flash has power to beat the sun by two stops when using HSS mode?
Going into HSS mode alone will make you loose 2 & 1/2 to 3 stops then for each every one stop of increase in ss you loose one stop of flash power. I know you gain back this one stop as you use wider aperture. But for ambient/flash ratio how does using HSS mode get you two stops over ambient?
At f/16, my 580EX is not quite able to give me correct exposure at ~6-7 feet (which is the flash-to-subject distance in my example). Two Speedlites (which I had) would have been fine, but I would have needed f/16 to get under 1/200, and that was unacceptable for a stylistic reason.
So with HSS, I could open up to f/3.2, kill the ambient with 1/6400, and get the exposure. The key was using two Speedlites.
Obviously, there is a limit to what you can achieve with HSS, but in this situation, it worked perfectly.





