We have a winner!
The on-camera flash fires a pre-flash for E-TTL metering. This fires the softbox before the shutter opens.
If you hit the * button to fire the pre-flash, wait a few seconds for the other strobe to recycle, then take your shot, it will work (technically). Of course this method isn't very practical, so you'll need either a sync cord or a radio-based triggering system of some sort.
Or put the pop up in M mode?

