I largely agree with other advice.... 550D, 500D would be nice cameras to start out with. But, in truth the camera body you choose is less important than the lenses you choose. The lenses make the photos, the camera just captures what the lens sees and many of the DSLRs from the last couple years will do a fantastic job.
It sounds as if you are on a tight budget. That being the case, look for a kit with lens(es). Those are often your best deal, especially if they are a Canon OEM kit. Be a little wary of retailer-assembled kits with third party lenses... unless it's a very reputible retailer. These can be good deals... but sometimes are rip-offs.
Canon often offers the 18-55 IS with their Rebel/Kiss series cameras. The also often offer a two lens kit, with the 55-250 IS as the second lens. Both these are entry-level lenses, but should be fine to start out. If you have a particular interest in low light and portraiture, the 50/1.8 is an entry-level lens that's a low cost introduction to using prime lenses (not a zoom). None of these are high end, great build quality, not fast focusing... but they are all capable of pretty darned good image quality when used right.
Try not to load yourself up with too much to start. Learn a little at a time and add things in the future as you discover what you need. But there are some other things you definitely should consider and perhaps budget for... some immediately, others relatively soon...
Memory Cards
Extra battery(ies)
Flash
Tripod
Lens hoods (Canon lenses don't come with hoods, except for the expensive L-series)
Camera bag/backpack to carry and protect your gear
Software for post-processing (some comes with the camera, might be adequate for a while)
Additional hard disk storage space for your computer
Additional RAM for computer to speed up handling image files, due to size and volume
Memory card reader (better than downloading from the camera... some computers have built-in)
Photo quality printer (if you want to make prints... you can send out files for printing, though, if you only rarely make prints)
Graphics quality monitor (can get by with some better consumer grade monitors for a while)
Monitor calibration device and software (ideally... this saves a lot of printing supplies, paper and ink, in the long run)
Books about photography: "Understanding Exposure" by Bryan Peterson, the Magic Lantern (or similar) guide book for the specific camera model you get
You might have some of the above items from using with your P&S camera... If compatible with the new camera you get. But, if any are urgent needs, you might have to scale back a little elsewhere (such as one less lens or a cheaper camera model)
You mention wedding photos in particular... Are you talking about just taking some snaps at friends' events, or actually going into business doing this? If the latter, forget all the above and plan to spend a great deal more. To shoot weddings professinally, you really need two cameras, a couple flashes, and better lenses (mostly, more durable and larger aperture lenses). $1100 equiv. is nowhere near enough for this sort of thing. You might be able to second shoot for an established photographer with a bit less gear, but still will likely need some pretty expensive lenses.
Lens focal lengths do not change at all, whether a lens is EF-S/crop specific or full frame capable. If you had two lenses that were 50mm... one is for crop and the other for full frame, but both fit on your camera, they would perform identically. The difference would be that the 50mm lens for crop would likely be smaller and lighter - perhaps even a little less expensive - since it doesn't need to produce as large diameter an image behind it, since the sensor is smaller.
While the focal length doesn't change, the way it performs on crop or full frame differs. For example, that same 50mm is a "standard" lens on full frame. Put it on a cropper that only uses the central portion of the lens and it acts like a short telephoto. If on the other hand you used it on a medium format camera with even larger image area than what we call "full frame", a 50mm would instead be a wide angle lens. The lens might need to be designed differently for use on different formats. But, again, the focal length doesn't change.
In other words, the crop sensor cameras you are considering can use both EF-S and EF lenses (or third party "crop" and "full frame")... But a 50mm is a 50mm is a 50mm... 28mm is 28mm is 28mmm... 100mm is 100mm is 100mm... etc.
If you have never shot with 35mm film cameras and don't have preconceived notions about how lenses will perform, you really don't need to worry very much about these things. Just know that, on the cameras you're considering:
10mm to about 15mm are ultra wide to pretty darned wide angle.
16mm to 24mm are wide to slightly wide.
28 to 35mm are approximately "normal" or "standard" lens.
50mm to about 85mm are shorter telephotos.
90mm to 135mm are moderate telephotos.
150 to 200mm are pretty long tele lenses.
Anything over 200mm is a really long telephoto.
You mention that your P&S had a lens the equivalent of 560mm on 35mm film. Well, in theory you'd need a 300mm or slightly longer lens on the cameras you're considering, to get similar focal length. However, what you aren't taking into account is that the much bigger sensor of the DSLR will give you much cleaner images and the ability to crop the image a bit, probably a lot and still equal or exceed the image quality of the P&S camera. So you might not really need to match the focal length. 250mm is pretty darned long on crop sensor camera (equal to the angle of view performance of a 400mm lens on full frame/35mm film). Only one of the more expensive 300mm lenses you listed above have stabilization... This is something very handy to have on a long telephoto lens, for handholding your shots. The Canon 55-250 has IS, for a considerably lower price than the 70-300mm lens you listed, especially if you get a deal on the Canon lens in a kit.