Image recovery software might work, work partially, or not at all. Probably the OP's images are lost. The camera certainly does not retain anything in memory (On a related note, be sure to set your camera to not be able to shoot without a memory card installed... Otherwise it's possible to shoot a bunch without a card, and each image is disposed when a new one is taken. Nothing is saved!)
One key thing... It's important to format memory cards in camera... I make a habit of doing this each and every time I insert a card....which I do fairly often... I have fourteen 8GB and two 16GB that I use most of the time and somtimes fill in a day's shooting... plus a bunch of smaller/other cards used in older backup cameras and P&Ss.
Formatting clears the memory card and preps it for new images. In the past I've gotten in trouble with a card that was formatted in computer or in another brand of camera (a friend's Nikon), had some minor errors when I didn't make it a habit to format cards regularly. Another thing that screwed up some of my images was trying to download via a USB hub... Problem cleared up completely when I attached the card reader directly to the computer instead. My current destop has a built-in memory card reader, that's considerably faster than USB 2/Firewire 400 I've used in the past (important when I have ~150GB of images to download!).
Lots of recent camera models, you can set up Format as a top item in My Menu, making it fast and easy to access. It takes me about 3 or 4 seconds to install and format a card now.
It's rare, but memory cards do sometimes go bad or develop bad sectors. Some softwares "inspect/test" memory cards and will map out any bad sectors, so they won't be used when data is stored to the card.
Actually this might have been done on the card right at the factory. It's not uncommon for memory to have one or a few bad sectors right from new. Each one is tested and bad sectors mapped out... You never even know it when you buy the card. If one of those were accidentally "unmapped", it might start causing errors (just a guess, I am no expert on this stuff!). Most memroy is actually made with some extra "headroom" so the card's size isn't changed if a few sectors are mapped out, whether at the factory or later by the user. I think it's Lexar Image Rescue that I've used to "test and condition" memory cards this way in the past.