Lightroom follows the Raw processing model of non-destructive editing, meaning that your development adjustments are not actually applied to your image files but rather stored in the memory of the catalog (and in image previews) until you do an actual Export which converts the Raw data into an RGB image and saves that image to a file. It also follows this model with non-Raw formats (tiff and jpeg files).
What this means in practice is that in a very real sense it "doesn't matter" what order you do things because your editing settings are at the time just discrete chunks of data.
But, what can matter is how you approach adjusting those chunks and in fact there have been numerous discussions out there about what are considered "best practices".
One that goes a long way back is the suggestion to simply follow the LR interface down the Develop panel -- this goes back to the LR1 days when the first thing you saw was the White Balance and Basic sections and those were as good places to start as any. Now we see tools like the cropping tool and brushes and such at the top which makes the above advice a bit more confusing
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One helpful idea has been the suggestion that if the shot needs cropping, then it can be good to do this first so that for other adjustments you are visually working only with the needed image. That can help, but only if you need to crop -- I like images that don't need to be cropped
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But, the idea of starting with the Basic controls is still pretty solid -- you wan to do whatever global adjustments to the color and exposure-type things before jumping into more selective "stuff". At least I do that typically Certainly White Balance if needed, then things like Exposure, Recovery, Fill, etc, all if and as needed are global, making the overall image "right". From there, well, it is doing things that you want or need to do and there is less of a "guiding rule" and more of learning to use the tools in the best way to get the best results.
There is a lot of discussion out there on sharpening in Lightroom -- just do a forum search and a Google search for "lightroom sharpening" and start reading. You will see that in this and other topics there are different opinions and approaches and there may be few settled "best answer"s, but there are a lot of things to try and learn from. An, like I said above, "it doesn't matter!"! You can work on an image and do all kind of dramatic things, then move on to something else, and you can always go back to the prior image and change things around and try new things, because the original data is unaltered!