Battery, maybe...however it could be a capacitor (supercap as apersson850 stated). Personally I would think if Canon utilized battery technology, they would make it user replaceable. This isn't a difficult task, as demonstrated in past models. The flash capacitor could even be utilized as the backup with some innovative circuitry design. If you look over the internals of the 60D, many photos available on the web, it is hard to see anything that resembles a battery. One does find numerous devices that are capacitors. In reality it doesn't matter much, through some method settings are retained is what matters, but if one goes and cracks open a 60D don't necessarily look for a battery.
Quit dwelling on whether or not there is a battery! Have you forgotten that you asked the questions:
"1. Are any user defined custom functions/settings also lost if the main battery is removed for an extended period of time?
2. How long are the settings retained if the main battery is removed? Are we talking about minutes, several hours, days, weeks, etc. If it takes 2.5 hours (from manual, page 24) to recharge an exhausted battery, and the battery is charged external to the camera, I assume the settings are retained for at least that long, but does anyone have a good feel for just how long these settings are retained?"
I responded that CFn setting and User settings and Firmware are all stored in EEPROMS which take electricity to change the stored values! No electricity, no change to settings!



