Pixel density affects both subject detail and also the aliasing ('stair stepping') of edges which are not perfectly aligned with the rows and columns of pixels.
With a lower res source image, you will have less ability to stand close to the print (which is what folks typically do, though not necessarily proper procedure) and peep for density of subject detail, and also you will detect the aliasing more easily. Additionally, detail density also accounts for what the brain perceives as 'sharp'.
Your 1200pixel high source image on a 20" tall print results in only 60 pixels per inch on the print...and that is universally thought to be poor density, resulting in the brain perceiving 'not sharp'