Your Back Button technique is working correctly. You don't have any problem, other than being unfamiliar with it. Keep practicing.
In AI Servo, the focus never "locks"... it tracks and is constantly updated. You have to maintain pressure on the back button to keep it working. If following a moving subject and there is an obstruction, you can momentarily lift off the button to avoid refocusing on the obstruction, then reacquire by reapplying pressure once past the obstruction. The important thing is to keep your AF point solidly on the subject, at the point you want focus.
In One Shot you do get focus lock and can lift off pressure once that's achieved. Once One Shot achieves focus, it stops and remains there, even if you maintain pressure on the button. If you want to change focus, lift pressure off the button momentarily and then reapply pressure on the button to lock onto the new point of focus.
You do not get focus confirmation in AI Servo mode, whether using back button focus or not. The reason is that there is nothing to confirm... focus is constantly updating, predicting movement and changing as the subject moves. Even if the subject doesn't move, so long as you are in AI Servo there will be no focus confirmation.
In AI Servo, the moment you lift pressure, the camera stops focusing. So there is nothing to display in post processing. There is no active AF point. In One Shot, there is a point of focus that's maintained for some seconds after AF has locked on, so an active AF point will show in post processing (but only in Canon DPP or Zoombrowser, as far as I know).
You can use AI Servo as a default focus mode when using Back Button Focusing technique. Any time you want to stop focus, all you have to do is lift pressure off the button. But with AI Servo you do give up any form of focus confirmation and have to learn to trust yourself and the camera.
Switch to One Shot when you want greater accuracy, such as when using a really large aperture that's rendering shallow depth of field. It's still the more accurate of the two focus modes. Live View is even more accurate, though it's a lot slower.