That's weird... If it's focusing fine in other orientations I can't for the life of me think of any mechanical reason a lens wouldn't be able to focus when pointed straight up or straight down. (But I also can't think of many times one would want to shoot straight up or straight down, either.)
About the only thing I can think of is maybe a loose ribbon cable that provides connectivity between the contacts on the back of the lens and the electronics inside the lens... Maybe it's loose and connectivity is lost when the lens is held in certain orientations. But that seems pretty unlikely, too.
Good point though... straight down at the ground might be within the minimum focus distance of the lens (on both the IS and non-IS versions f4 lens, it's just under 4 feet/1.2m).
And, if pointed straight up toward a plain sky, there might not be anything to lock onto. AF requires some detail and contrast, to be able to work. It might vary from camera model to camera model.
It also might be the buyer's camera at fault. Cameras do have orientation sensors in them (so do IS lenses, but non-IS lenses don't). However, I'm again at a loss as to what might cause such a specific problem.
Of it might be that the buyer's wife said, "No way!"
I'd offer to meet with the buyer and test the lens with them. Take a camera of your own along, to test it. It might be a problem with is camera (which do have orientation sensors, as do IS lenses... non-IS lenses don't).
Look for looseness at the bayonet mount on lens or camera... or damage, looseness, dirt or obstructions on the electronic contacts between lens and camera.
Do you have record of the lens you sold somewhere? The serial number? Distinctive marks on the lens that you'd recognize? I'd just be cautious, don't know the buyer and there have been instances of people returning broken gear for a refund, that wasn't the same item as what they bought. Someone here even got a 70-200/4 inside a 70-200/2.8 box off Amazon sometime... no doubt a "return" item that Amazon refunded and put back on the shelf without checking what was inside.
Also "a couple weeks" is plenty of time to do damage to a lens...
So just be very careful and not too quick to take the lens back and give a refund!