In my opinion vspector is as someone else noted - looking for help, an answer to the question in his mind, someone who may be at a different level of understanding regarding photography equipment (no offense) than some who have replied...
So in an attempt to bring this back on topic - to be honest, I'm not sure that you're going to see the significant improvement in primes at that price point that you're looking for, so if that is your upper budget then it might be wise for you to stay where you are as this combination is obviously working for you.
Above your current budget you might find the more significant improvements that you're looking for in a prime.
Primes are so well thought of my many Pros and enthusiasts alike due to facts like the manufacturer has only one focal length to work on and thus perfection or close to can be more easily attained in comparison with a zoom where they have a more complex task of making it good throughout the whole range of the zoom. Also larger apertures can be attained with primes, useful in low light when used correctly with a good understanding of DOF and subject distance or simply for creativity. You may have heard it said that they force creativity, this is due to the fact that they make you think more about your composition and angles in order to get the shot as opposed to zooms which tend to allow you to stand in one position and simply zoom with the lens - in my experience primes make me walk around the subject more looking for those angles and that pleasing frame, yes you could do the same with a zoom but something about a prime makes you think and move that little bit more. AF speed is another consideration but that might also be a product of more expensive lenses in general. Contrast and tonal quality is also a consideration, yes you can achieve some of these qualities in post production but it's much more satisfying to me when I can produce such rich images straight from the camera with little PP being required. These may or may not be enough to entice you away from your current set up and there may be other factors that I haven't mentioned but only you can make that decision based on the information you intake and your own experience by simply going to a camera store for example with your own camera and testing these lenses.
In relation to the 7D v your T2i, as already mentioned there is much more than the sensor to consider when comparing cameras, otherwise the price would surely be the same, things like the AF System, 100% viewfinder and camera size to name a few, attributes which more easily aid you in getting that shot - as the sensor and it's output are but the final stage of the process to you taking a photo, your ability to take that shot and the things that happen around that are just as important. The same principle applies to lenses in relation to IQ. Primes have their place in certain scenarios & personal styles and Zooms may be more advantageous in others, your job is to work out which best fits you and your photographic style in particular scenarios.
Hope that helps somewhat.