Since you have 70-200, there's little reason to use the 24-70 with a teleconverter. The combo would be about a 34-112mm f4, rather odd and focal lengths you have already covered, at f2.8 and probably sharper than possible with the added optics of any TC. The 24-70 is not really designed for TC use anyway. And TCs generally work best on telephoto lenses.
Canon's TCs are made to be compatible with 135/2 and longer lenses, and their 70-200 zooms. They will not physically attach to shorter focal lengths or to most of the other zooms, due to a protruding front element. Any of them will work with your 70-200/2.8 IS II, though. Either the 1.4X II or III would be fine. The latest one has an updated optical formula, but the IQ is very similar in both. Both also will give you fast focus with that lens.
The Kenko Pro 300 DGX 1.4X also is exellent. Some feel it's as good or better optically than the Canon. The DGX is the latest version, an update of the DG. The main difference is that it's been improved to provide faster AF than the earlier version.
Haven't tried the Sigmas or Tamrons, so can't really compare them. (Tamron isn't currently producing any, AFAIK)
One of the lowest priced is the Kenko Teleplus 1.4X MC4. Don't expect as good optical qualities with it, as you'd see with the more expensive Pro 300 DGX or Canon II or III.
There are other, third party that I haven't tried (and won't bother trying).
timberlandlh is right.... You might consider picking up a 7D or 6D sometime. Either would give you a "free 1.6X teleconverter" effect. 7D would be my preference, since the control layout is similar to 5DII and it shares both batteries and memory cards. (60D has a different control layout and uses SD memory). I don't use my 5DII for sports/action.... it's not the best AI Servo camera. I switch to 7D for sports, in part for their "extra reach", but in large part for the much better AI Servo focusing.
Another possibility... pick up a 300/4 IS sometime. It's a very good lens, about the same size and weight as your 70-200/2.8 and would get you a little more reach. It is very handholdalbe, also works quite well with the Canon and Kenko 1.4X if needed for even more reach.
If you prefer a zoom for the convenience and usually are shooting in good light, Sigma 120-400 or 150-500 are pretty good, too... and both are priced less than the EF 300/4 IS. Because they are f4.5-5.6 or slower lenses, they are somewhat limited to good light.