Check the general condition, check for signs of water damage, drops or excessive wear. Check the mount signs of wear/damage and ensure the electrical contacts look good.
Check the CF Card slot, make sure the pins are all aligned and don't show signs of previous damage.
Check the connections (USB, HDMI, remote ect.) for signs of damage. You can check them for functionality if you have the cords/feel the need.
Check the battery compartment, no signs of damage or wear.
Check the functionality of the top screen and rear screen. Cycle through a few screens to see if any problems pop up.
Take off the front cap and check the condition of the mirror, should be free of smudges, excessive dust/debris.
Put a lens on and take a few pictures, it should respond normally and you can check that the electrical contacts are in good working order if it auto focuses and is changing the aperture. This will also check that it is writing to the card correctly. If you have a laptop take a few shots with the EOS utility app, this confirms the USB port works, the camera works and allows a large screen review of the image taken.
Check the shutter count if it matters to you, most cameras are far from being near the rated 'mileage'.
Take a picture of a white piece of paper or the blue sky at a small aperture and see if the sensor is clean or has any major debris on it.
Confirm the flash works, pop it up, snap a pic.
If you have a flash bring it and confirm it fires from the hot shoe.
Im sure I am missing something but there is a good general list to go through.