With respect to the Canon 580 EX II Canon states
Repeatedly firing the flash, however, runs the risk of damaging the flash head and surrounding components because the flash head heats up quite quickly. For this reason, the instruction manual warns that the flash unit must rest for at least 10 minutes after firing 20 or more flashes in a row. Nevertheless, we have had reports that in practice photographers often use their flash units beyond these limits.Thus, we were obliged to equip the 580EX II with a safety mechanism to prevent flash-head overheating. The mechanism engages when the benchmarks below are exceeded and, once in effect, forces the unit to wait eight to 20 seconds between flashes.· 60 consecutive full flashes while running on the internal power supply· 40 consecutive full flashes while running on the CP-E4 external battery pack. Once the safety mechanism is engaged, it remains in effect until the flash is not fired for about 15 minutes. The unit then returns to its normal flash ready state.
I also believe the external power socket is protected against high voltage, 380 as I recall.