OhLook wrote in post #16865152
You can argue all you like, but my point remains. People shouldn't say it's going to rain unless they know. Besides, the two statements differ importantly in verifiability. After it rains or it doesn't, the person who predicted rain is shown to have been either right or wrong. You can wait until the end of time to find out whether a photo is trash.
Shouldn't, wouldn't, couldn't.
The fact is, people do. That's how the language is used.
Anthropologists would disagree. For instance, some artworks in nonliterate cultures are created as part of a religion.
The concept there that you refer to as 'art' is not a representation of an abstract idea or any sort of statement on society. It is a depiction of events, places and people, real or mythological. Without an idea or a statement behind it, many would regard it as a picture or a painting, not as a work of art.
And when did the modern sense of the word "art" begin to exclude works created to represent a subject realistically (e.g., landscapes) and nonrepresentational works that explore color and form?
They began to exclude realistic works as soon as art insiders began disregarding descriptive works (works primarily designed to depict events, stories or locations) and ignoring quality of craftsmanship in favour of 'statement' works, and those where the concept matters more than the execution. When many art critics began denigrating pictorial depictions of things (objects, places and people, as opposed to ideas) as 'not art', these things were excluded from 'art'.
Owain gave you the counterexample of religious art, which is so obvious that I immediately thought of it as well. All those halos around the heads of saints--don't you think they make a statement that has nothing to do with realism?
I wouldn't call that a statement. A halo was simply an artistic convention to describe someone as holy.
Religious art tells a story or describes an event in that religion's mythology.
As opposed to numerous classical paintings of heaven, hell, and the Garden of Eden, which must have been popular tourist destinations since so many Europeans knew exactly what they looked like.
No, but they're well-enough described in literature to form an image of a scene that might take place there.
And classical images of hell and heaven look like realistic (as opposed to real) places. Abstract works don't look like anything.
That was a response to "Most people who buy art choose works they like to look at." Do I have to say that I include paintings and photos in the category "art"? Are you now excluding them from that category? Excuse me, but I suspect you of using trickery, switching definitions in midstream, to win a point.
Not all paintings or photos are art. According to many art cognoscenti (and I know quite a few - my line of work tends to generate collectors) most of them aren't 'art', because they aren't making a statement or sending a message. They are merely what they are - no more, no less, just whatever's in the picture. They certainly wouldn't regard most landscapes, cityscapes or portraits as art - the landscape photo or painting merely describes the landscape, the portrait is merely a depiction of the person, and there is no statement or 'message' behind any of them.
A prediction of what one identified person will do isn't the only kind of "specific." Much psychology concerns the behavior of groups. If one kind of appeal in a message about health gets 50% more patients to comply with their medication regimens than another kind of appeal, this isn't a vague generalization; it's information that the public-health authorities can use. They don't need to know the names of the additional patients. You're not entitled to redefine psychology to suit your opinion of it.
Nor are you entitled to define psychology as only the parts of it (group behaviours) that make sense.
I don't know anything about the psychology of groups - I deal with individuals. And the psychology of individuals is as vague as anything out there. Clinical psychologists always think they 'understand' a person - then that person goes and does something completely unpredicted.