About half way down THIS LINK
is a chart telling what mount will work with the EOS system, without an adapter that has additional optics (which will degrade image quality).
Easiest to adapt, with the greatest selection is the standard M42 mount. There are some fantastic lenses in this mount, like the Takumar (Pentax) 50mm 1.4. Be aware that there are a few M42 mounts (and others that are adaptable on the surface) that may require slight modifications. The best example of this is some of the Fujinon EBC lenses. They are phenominal lenses, but there is a very small tab that needs to be filed down to attain infinity focus.
M42 in general gives you a lot to choose from, and lots can be fun. There are really oddball lenses out there in M42 that are great. There is the CZ Biotar, which gives a neat swirly bokeh, and I even managed to get a hold of a pre-war 17 blade biotar that I'm eventually going to use seriously. Yes, 17 blades!
Easiest to adapt (IMO) in order of preference;
M42 (pretty much any)
Exakta (lots of Zeiss Lenses)
Nikon
Olympus
Kodak Retina aka DKL or Deckel mount (nice Schneider-Kreuznach and Rodenstock lenses out there)
Those don't need additional glass, so they are great.
I just got in my FD>EOS adapter, and I'll let you know how it is. I got it because I need it for a specific purpose, and had no plans to get one until this came up. If it fairs well, I may keep it and actually use some of the tons of FD glass I have.