Facebook scales down the photos in the news feed. It does not crop them. Just saying if they click on the photo, nothing will be cut off but it could be a lower resolution than it was when uploaded.
Depends on how your users will view your photo as to what size you should upload them. You can upload as high as 2048 on the long side, but most users will not do what is needed to see your photo at this resolution. If they have a monitor with at least 2048 pixels, they only need to view the photo in full screen mode to see the full image as uploaded. If their monitor is not that high of resolution, then they need to right click the image, copy image location, and then enter that URL in the address box above.
A photography enthusiast may go to all that trouble to see a decent photo from Facebook, but the regular user would likely not even know that it can be done.