+1 for the 1.4x not causing significant image degradation.
Also, while you (the OP) got better results with +11 MA, you might want to put your setup on a tripod and shoot a target and ruler type setup to adjust the MA ideally to be sure. There is also some possibility that your lens does not need micro adjustment. It could be that your camera was having trouble getting accurate focus on the bird due to lack of contrast, and that your keepers just coincidentally occurred when you had the +11 adjustment active. You'd need to shoot a bunch of shots with both 0 and +11 settings to get a statistically-significant sample for determining if the MA really did improve your keeper rate.
Here is one of the first shots I took when I got my 1.4 TC (mine is the mk II) and used it on my 300/4L IS. I noticed no significant loss of sharpness or addition of CA. Second photo is the 1:1 zoom, both screenshots of how things actually look in Lightroom. The shots aren't 300 f/2.8 level of sharp, but I can see some feather details, and they're what I expect from this affordable telephoto lens.

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