Advanced Compact for 4-5 month trip

I would spend a little more and get something like a Panasonic GX7, Olympus PEN, Sony a5100/6000 or something along those lines if it were me.

If not those than something like a Sony RX100, Canon G7X or another compact with at least a 1" sensor. If you're OK with a prime lens, I would also consider the Fuji X100, Nikon Coolpix A and Ricoh GR, all of which have an APS-C sensor and a great fixed prime in a diminutive body.

I feel like I would regret bringing an inferior camera on a trip like that.

couldnt agree more..........I had to use a small sensor camera w( wifes) when I hiked Mont Blanc track 3 years ago when my 5dMk2 died on me .........and Ive regretted it ever since because all the shots I wanted to enlarge look terrible when I looked at them 100%....Noise , lens aberration due to inferior optics...etc etc ....I know cheap compact cameras have come a long way in 3 years however it will always be the smaller the sensor and the lower the grade of materials used for the optics the lower the IQ will be ..Especially noise is horrible on those cheaper compacts ....and the loss of sharpness compared to the next level up .......Maybe if the OP isnt going to go past 5x7 enlargement it will be fine however I wouldnt be betting on a cheap compact camera ( under 350 euro)being able to give me a good base file that I could feel confident that the image will stand up ok....I had a look on ebay and you can get a good well cared for Fuji x100 second hand for around 400.00 euro......So its nearly in the price range and that gets an outstanding IQ camera.....Same with some of the other brands mentioned here....


Clipper

Thanks guys, your suggestions have been very helpful! =)

After looking into your ideas (and some internet research) i am thinking about the Canon G7 X.
It is a little above my price (450€ new and 350 - 400€ on eBay) but it looks nice:
- raw
- Nikon CX sensor (13.2x8.8mm)
- 20mp
- nice color depth
- nice dynamic range
- great reviews

Does anyone have any experience with this camera?
=)

Just wanted to let you know that i ended up getting the Cannon G7X.
I went for a hike last weekend and i am quite satisfied with the results. It's not the same as a RAW file from a full-frame, of course, but still, for the camera size (which is really important for this trip) i am happy with it.

The end results are 3648 × 5472 and around 15Mb.

Here are a couple of pictures i took last weekend one the "Große Klammspitze", south Germany:

shots look great....good dynamic range by the look of it and certainly it handles the sky colors well......Bit hard to tell on my laptop re lens/image sharpness especially if you used a low quality JPG setting/resolution in order to upload to here etc however to my eye the images seem ok............... so all in all looks like the camera is serving you well.....

Clipper

thanks!
Yes, i did use "Export to web" with medium quality settings, so this is not the best image to judge...

I post-processed the image on Lightroom.
In comparison to the files from my 60D, i have to confess i am very impressed with the Dynamic Range and Color Depth.
Sharpness i'm not sure yet. Need to take some more photos...