I have posted this previously. It summarises the concepts and interactions. A light meter does NOT perform these calculations.
AFR Automatic Flash Reduction
AFR is invoked when the camera thinks the flash is required for fill flash to soften shadows.
It is applied when:
• Camera mode is Tv, Av or M.
• E-TTL mode is Evaluative. (Not Average mode.)
• Ambient exposure is above EV 10.
<=EV 10 AFR is not applied (substantially a flash-lit scene).
>EV 10 and <EV 13 AFR applied increasingly (-0.5 stop per EV).
>=EV 13 AFR of approximately -1.5 stops applied.
NEVEC Automatic Ambient Reduction
“Negative EValuative Exposure Compensation”
NEVEC reduces background exposure so the flash on the foreground subject makes it “pop”. Ambient may need to be reduced to allow room for flash for a “normal” exposure. E-TTL determines the Flash output required on top of the reduced Ambient.
• Camera mode is Av or TV, but not M.
• E-TTL mode is either Evaluative or Average.
• Not with spot metering, including FEL.
• Dependent on ISO and EV. NEVEC is disabled above ISO 100/EV 8, ISO 400/EV 10, ISO 1600/EV 12.
Test: AV mode. With a dark scene:
• ½-shutter and note shutter speed.
• Turn on flash or YN-622C and ½-shutter again. Compare.
e.g. 50D, f2.8, ISO 400.
580EXII off – 1/15s EV 5
580EXII on – 1/30s EV 6
YN-622C off – 1/15s EV 5
YN-622C on – 1/30s EV 6
The camera expects E-TTL to provide around 1 EV of light.
(Sorry for disappearance of table formatting... it makes it hard to see the combined effect. The figures for ISO 100, 400, 1600 are EV. )
Combined Table
EV FEC ISO 100 ISO 400 ISO 1600
7 0 -1 -1 -1
8 0 -0.5 -1 -1
9 0 0 -1 -1
10 -0.5 0 -0.5 -1
11 -1.0 0 0 -1
12 -1.5 0 0 -0.5
13 -1.5 or -2.0 0 0 0