If you set one of the smaller f/numbers on the lens you are having issues with, and turn the ring that you think is for Auto/Manual diaphragm operation, in one that aperture diaphragm should remain fully open in the auto position, and be stopped down in the manual position. Just about every mechanical lens system I have looked at uses the mechanism to close the aperture diaphragm down, not to hold it open. Otherwise just mount it on a body, without film, and operate the camera, again with the lens stopped well down, and just look in the front of the lens, so see which position keeps the lens stopped down, and which has the diaphragm work automatically. As long as the control ring moves freely you should not have any issues. Actually with the lens manually stopped down, you should see the viewfinder get significantly darker with the lens diaphragm set to manual, as you stop the lens down.
If you are not seeing any movement of the diaphragm with the control in either position, then I would suggest that there is something significantly wrong with the lens.
Alan