Note: Pixel is defined as both a single point in a graphic image, and a single point in a monitor display.
100% = 1 pixel of graphic image per 1 pixel of display.
Without cropping anything, any time you use a photo editing or viewing tool, and ask it to display the image @ "1:1" or "actual size" or "100%" (name changes with software) as opposed to viewing the image using "Fit Image To Screen" etc.. the image likely becomes larger than the boundaries of your screen, and you are looking at a portion of the total image, or "crop" @ 100%
If you do not crop an image at all, and simply place it online for viewing in it's entirety, when you try to view it, it usually is scaled down to fit a screen.
However, if you view it full size,. ie: blow it up to "100%" or 1:1, so it is far too large for the screen, then you are viewing it at 100% size, and again, you are not seeing the whole image so you are viewing a crop.
The "100% crop" comes in when you wish to view an image (or actually a part of an image) on a screen too small to see the entire image @ 100%
The crop of the larger image remains fully on screen, rather than off the sides in some virtual space.
Portability is the primary reason for a 100% crop vs. the entire image that you would then view only a portion of, as large images can be many megabytes, where as a 100% crop can offer you the same peak at 100% scaled pixels without having to download a 20MB file, rather it can be mere kilobytes.