The lines look like what's called banding: I found this could easily happen with older sensors when you were trying to raise shadows (you'd see noise and banding). As Wilt indicated an underexposed image area will begin to show noise if heavily processed (though new sensors like the 5D4 don't have nearly as much noise if raising shadows/underexposure at base ISOs). To mitigate noise and banding, you aim for getting most your exposure towards the right of the histogram (known as Expose To The Right). Also with a high DR scene (such as wanting to get contrast with both a sunset and dark foreground), the most straightforward thing is use of filters or having camera on tripod and exposure bracket (to later mask in over or underexposed layers).