Active region. It's generally predicted, tracked, etc, as space weather via NOAA. Some AR's receive designation if they're significant enough, some don't merit designation (ie, a number). Active regions are generally areas with intense magnetic activity and results in some of the more spectacular displays in various wavelengths including coronal mass ejections (CME's) and solar flares (which effect Earth's weather).
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/
We live in the atmosphere of our star, its clouds basically with the solar winds (charged particles) rippling by. The atmosphere of our star is the heliosphere. It took decades for our Voyager series probes to even get out of the atmosphere of our star and enter interstellar space (ie, space between and outside of the atmosphere of a star). The sun we see is merely the dense core of the total structure and even that has layers. It's activity has some predictable things to it (such as the solar cycles, an 11 year activity period) and its own weather effects our weather here on Earth in many ways. But we are still trying to learn more about what's going on within our star such as what is the source of the 11 year solar cycle of activity and how things are working at the core of our star. We recently launched a new solar probe, the Parker Solar Probe to get closer than ever and gather more data than we could before. We also have constant eyes in many wavelengths on our star via SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) via satellites.
Very best,
