Capn Jack wrote in post #18936815
I disagree with the last sentence about losing light except for a small amount absorbed by the teleconvertor glass. The light from a particular object is spread over more pixels.
You get it over more pixels, too, with higher pixel density, without the small losses of contrast and light in the TC, and without making it harder for phase-detect AF to "see". That was part of my point.
As a thought experiment, suppose without the teleconverter, a bird's eye is spread over 10 pixels at a given exposure setting; all of the light from the eye is going into those pixels. Using the teleconverter, the bird will cover more of the sensor, including its eye. As the light from the eye will also cover more pixels, the light at each pixel will be dimmer at the same exposure settings.
Define "exposure settings". Do you mean the same Av and TV values? That would not be true, and who uses the same Av value when they add a TC? Is it even possible if you were already wide open without the TC? I can see what you're saying if you mean "the same entrance pupil" (with 1.4x the f-number) and "the same shutter speed", but the entrance pupil size is not a direct part of "exposure settings".
Many of us will reduce the shutter speed on a long zoom to reduce movement blur,
Did you actually mean "increase the shutter speed", or, "reduce the exposure time"? In any event, the most common *wise* decision would give the same shutter speed at any same FOV (including reduced FOV if you get into cropping) since pixel count is very close with the 5D4 and 90D, and motion blur as measured in pixels is very similar. A person may choose to increase the shutter speed for a higher pixel count, but that is "meeting the pixels"; not "meeting the image". Noise vs motion blur is always a compromise. The fact that leaning towards less motion blur and more noise can be seen better with a higher pixel count does not mean that you have to do it. It is an optional compromise, but the image created with a higher pixel count and the same, slower shutter speed that might be chosen for a lower pixel count would not be any worse than the lower pixel count image, and still show more detail despite being able to isolate the motion blur better, visually.
so we need to amplify the reduced signal on each pixel more. A camera with less noise is preferable, in this circumstance.
And what kind of noise would that be? You just said in another post that you don't believe that read noise is significant. Do you realize that photon noise is pretty close for all current sensors of the same size, or per square millimeter of different sensor sizes, so one camera would be just as good as the next here, based on your belief that read noise is insignificant, and you are correct, if we are talking about higher tones of lower ISO settings. The cameras do vary quite a bit, however, in deep shadows and truly high ISOs, because of read noise, or "camera-added electronic noise" if you want a more semantics-proof label for the problematic noise.
Anyway, I think you missed my point. My point is that zooms, whether they vary in open f-number or are consistent across their range, have smaller entrance pupils at the wide end of the zoom. This is to be avoided, if possible. Zooms at the long end can benefit from having a TC if the pixels are too large to fully tap the analog resolution of a lens, but when you zoom out with a TC still attached, to give an angle of view present in the zoom without a TC, you have a smaller entrance pupil and a higher f-number than you would with the bare lens with that same angle of view. That is why I would skip the "5D4 with 1.4x" stage in MatthewK's "reach progression".