You keep referring to it as "my reach progression", as if it's something that needs debunking.
I put the term in quotes because I don't believe in "reach"; not because I thought that the scenario was unrealistic or not worthy of evaluation. I understood what you seemed to mean as something with legitimacy, even if it wasn't actually anything I would call "reach" per se.
The concept is very good, as a frame of reference. You're on a ship, sailing away from a play being performed on a stage facing the leaving ship. You go through combinations of body, TC, and the zoom to keep shooting the play stage as long as possible, and shutter speed needs are the same, but do not allow base-ISO exposure. Where we differ is that you want to hang onto the 5D4, using a TC, where I would be quicker to switch to the bare 90D, most likely. It's a bit of work, but I could chart in a spreadsheet what the open entrance pupil is with the various combos for every angle of view, but I am pretty sure that the 5D4+1.4 would give a small benefit, if any.
Well, it's a few hours later after I typed that, and I decided after I did to actually do the spreadsheet chart. What you see is the FOV-equivalent 35mm focal-length on the X axis, and the diameter of the entrance pupil in mm on the Y axis. The ascending trends have 3 steps because there are 3 f-numbers used by the 100-400L that I based the f-numbers on. The peaks are where the zoom is at max focal length, and the descending curves are what the equivalent entrance pupil would be as you go into the cropped zone. As these curves drop, pixel count for the crop drops quickly, too. The three ascending segments are f/4.5, f/5, and f/5.6 for the blue and yellow (5D4 and 90D), and the segments are f/6.3, f/7.1, and f/8 for the orange (5D4+1.4). So, for the somewhat small increase in entrance pupil for the orange vs the yellow over most of the overlapping range, the AF is more challenged and there are optical imperfections introduced by the TC. Also, it seems that Canon may have made the 90D AA filter very weak and non-standard, making the 90D potentially a little sharper.
So, personally, I would not think about using the 5D4+TC option. I love TCs, but they are often a necessary evil, but sometimes they aren't necessary.
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