I'll throw my view into the mix. I think this is mostly hand held motion blur.
The runners *are* the most "in focus" of anything in the frame, but they're still not as sharp as they might be. That said, I still like the photo!
Yeah, you could have gone to a higher ISO. I shoot night time sports, and regularly shoot at ISO of 12,800+, lately typically at 32,000. I'm an advocate of using whatever ISO is needed to get the shot. Still...
Your shutter speed should have frozen the women, at least partially. 1/1600s is a high shutter speed. I'd guess this blur is a combination of panning and pressing the shutter button. I know that when I'm not fully prepared for a shot, I'm probably not as steady as I should be when holding my camera, and I will press the shutter button as a whole body experience - re: I don't squeeze the shutter, I jam it down with my finger, driven by my hand, wrist, and arm, to ensure I've pushed it! Yeah, works well, except on the photo side of things. Suggestion? Practice panning and shooting. While you don't have races happing all of the time, there are cars on the street that are perfect subjects. When I was doing fashion photography, I would do steady shooting with my mannequin. I'd shoot a set of 100 shots and see how many are in focus. I had image stabilization off and was shooting at a minimal shutter speed (1/(effective focal length)). Then I'd shoot another set, check them, and do it yet again. It's similar to a musician playing scales. Mostly the photos were wholly uninteresting, but the purpose was to practice steady shooting. My percent of in-focus shots always increased.
I said previously your shutter speed should have frozen the women at least partially. You certainly can close the lens to a numerically higher aperture. I'm so used to night time sports that my aperture of choice is f/5.6. f/10 as sapearl suggested is certainly fine, though the higher the aperture the more in focus will be your background. If you want to isolate the runners, you'll definitely want to limit the degree to which you close your lens. f/3.5 will give a shallow depth of field, while f/10 will give you a considerable depth of field. That said, if you'd had a steady shot, part of the photo would be sharp and in focus even shooting at f/3.5. Any blur would be from a shallow depth of field. What I believe I see is hand held motion blur. You could have shot these at f/22 and it wouldn't have make a difference if you weren't holding your camera steady.
Hope this helps!