This is my general guideline for "reach", with the priorities I put on each. Each of the overlaps on the VENN diagram come with different pros and cons, maybe hits on AF, exposure, and/or ISO.
If you are lucky enough to sit right in the middle of all 3, that means you have all the tools necessary to land just about any shot. 
If you sit in one of the overlaps between two categories, then you probably often play a juggling act on what and how you deal with the scenario at some sort of expense later, whether more shots to get that one keeper, a bit more noise, lower resolutions, a bit less IQ, or slower AF.
Also when you get to #2 to get that framing, there are times you probably would employ a mix of both a lower power TC and a bit of cropping, because too much of either may not be that beneficial, and it is better to straddle the fence of more optical reach (with more glass in the way) and some digital zooming/cropping.
Example would be the decision to go to a 2x on a lens, or use a 1.4x and crop out later...

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