One question Evan, did you use the lens with or without UV filter?
In my case I figured out that it was UV filter's fault that pictures were soft, with weird background artefacts similar to your's.
The filter is Hoya HMC bought from ebay from chinese seller. You can get 77mm Hoya HMC there for ~$20 with shiping. Apparently those filters are forgery, or junk from hoya's dumpster. I have two 77mm UV HMCs from different sellers, both from China. Both filters produce described above effects. With regular uncoated Tiffen no such effects, and picture is as sharp as without filter.
Does anyone know if Hoya makes UV(0) HMC filters on green glass? Because that's what chinese HMC are made from, though coating seems to be good.
Below are examples with and without UV filter, no postprocessing applied:
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I hope this hint helps in your case. I'm finally happy with my 100-400
