Here are a couple of links that may help.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field
http://www.mir.com.my …fototech/htmls/depth.html
There is no correct DOF for all shots, it depends on what you want to achieve in each image.
In a landscape for instance you would probably want everything in focus from the foreground to the horizon, in which case you will need maximum DOF and select a small aperture (large number, f/11, f/16 etc.)
To isolate a subject against a 'busy' background, such as a portrait of someone you would normally select a shallow DOF (small number, f/2.0, f.2.8, f/3.5 etc.), although it does not follow that all portraits have to have 'blurred' backgrounds, sometimes the background is as important as the main subject - It all depends on the effect you are after, the subject matter, and your own imagination.
Basically, to throw a background out of focus, select a large aperture (which will give you a high shutter speed), to ensure the entire shot appears in focus use a smaller aperture (this could mean using a tripod because the shutter speed could be quite slow).