Hards drive (HD) failures happens all the times. I had 3 HD failerus last year, all brand products, even within 6 months. Thanks to good backups, no loss of data. But restoring all applications / data that's a real hassle and you're losing at least one day.
At the moment I'm using 4 cooled HDs as a RAID 5, which means, that if one drive fails, the system keeps running with the remaining and after exchanging the failed drive, it's recovering again. Only the scratch drive is not mirrored. This is a self built PC, no standard from a shop.
If you have RAID, never 0, as this gives you only speed but no security. 1 / 5 / 10 are for security. If you need security and speed 1 is fine, 5 is slower.
The cooling is good for drives, they last longer as overheating kills them.
Extra to the 5 desktop drives, there is an external backup running every day / after important changes.
If the desktop failes, I'm connecting the external backup drive / keyoboard / display to the laptop and can continue work. Saved me two times.
Lucky for you that you have a backup machine, even if the plattforms are quite different. I hope that your important data was not only on the failed drive.
If the operating system failed alone (Windows, this can happen), your data can be recovered easliy. I would attach it as a second drive to an existing running system and copy all data to the working drive and backup it immediately after that. After that remove the "broken" drive again.
Once I had to recover all files of the computer of a friend due to a crash of the file system, 15000 lost files, reported the scan, but I managed to recover all important data again. Now there are backups available.
Good luck