Dave, there are actually several pieces of equipment that you would need to do this type of highly specialized type of photography.
First off, realize that Venus will be a small dot across the face of the sun. The best instrument for doing this type of work is a telescope, preferably a refractor telescope. There are specialized telescopes made for solar work, but the are very expensive, and I'm assuming that you don't want to go there.
You mentioned that you will be protecting your eyes. You'll have to focus on the sun, and without looking through the viewfinder (DON'T), I'm not sure how you can do this. LOOKING THROUGH THE VIEWFINDER WOULD BE VERY DANGEROUS.
There are actually several types of filter used for solar observing and photographing. Though I'm no expert on the subject (I've only done lunar photography), I can give you some information. The little screw-in filters that Robert mentioned are regarded by many experts as unsafe. The powerful heat focused by the telescope onto those filters can break them and leave the eyes unprotected. Today, everyone doing this work uses a filter on the outside of the telescope to greatly cut down on the light (to less than 1% transmission) before it get into the scope, which can have its optics deformed by the intense heat.
It really sounds to me as though you need to do much more research before taking this on, and it's hard to imagine that you will learn that much and be able to buy and learn all of the equipment by Tuesday. I've never discouraged anyone from shooting anything in over two decades of photography, but I suggest you consider sitting this one out. What you are talking about is highly specialized work that requires some research and lots of bucks. Moreover, if you don't know what you are doing, it's dangerous. If there's one thing a photographer can't risk, it's his eyes.
For a detailed article by people who know much more about this than me, see the link below
http://skyandtelescope.com …maging/article_1255_1.asp
I hope this helps. - Mike H