The workflow in PSE is no different from the workflow in any graphics editing program. Often you'll find that you have to do something differently, but the process is the same.
Here's my PS CS Workflow For The Insane (aka, Workflow With Too Many Steps, aka, Workflow For The Anal Retentive, aka...)
1)Shoot pic with camera
2)Upload pic to computer
3)Open and edit with Photoshop
3a) RAW Conversion
3b) Crop
3c) Remove Noise
3d) Convert to 16-bit
3e) Convert to AdobeRGB
3f) Capture Sharpen
3g) Clone Tool/Blemish Removal etcetera
3h) Color Correct
3i) Contrast Correct
3j) Creative Sharpen
3k) Save Corrected Copy
3l) Resize
3m) Output Sharpen
3n) Soft Proof
3o) Re-saturate/Fix out-of-gamut
3p) Convert to printer profile
3q) Save Print Copy
4)Print in photo printer
Skip the steps that aren't necessary for the image, or the ones that you don't think are worthwhile, or the ones that are just too dificult to do for every image....
And some steps are dependent on what you use. For instance you have to convert RAW using something else, then open in PSE. Or you may shoot JPG and skip the RAW conversion.
Note that I don't do this to every image - this is the extreme.
Your Mileage May Vary...