es, if you mean about what makes photography work. How you frame the picture's all in your eye, and different cameras won't make much difference here. (If the lenses have different angles of coverage, that'll make some difference, but . . .) What you'll really gain by moving to the SLR (or other cameras allowing manual settings) is an understanding of how to expose for different situations, and how changing shutter speeds or apertures affects the final image. (Depth of Field or how much of the picture's in focus, stopping/blurring moving objects, or exposing for detail in highlights or shadow areas.) Your Exilim, if I'm reading Casio's site correctly, makes all those decisions for you, and just chooses the middle ground.]
Jon,
All of these can be done with a G series camera. Since it has a smaller sensor than the Canon SLRs Depth of Field is harder to do. Working with limited equipment always helps you to learn the tecnique quickly as you are limited. Then you can move up to an SLR.
The G series has add on tele, wide, and macro lenses so you can learn with these as well. All of the add ons are significantly cheaper than an SLR for learning the baics. For a student the gear is mucho $$$$$. I am doing this with my G2 until I get good enough to really use the feature of an SLR.