I have experience with the 20D/30D/40D, 17-55, 24-70L, and 24-105L. The 40D focus system is WORLDS better than the 20D focus system. It's quite astounding how well it can lock onto a black suit, in a dark room, with very little ambient light. Where the 20D would seek the 40D locks on. I've not used a 3xx/4xx camera so I can't compare them.
I've only used F2.8 lenses on the 40D, but comparing the three lenses above I don't see a lot of difference. The only real difference is IS and focal length. There's one stop in it, the difference between ISO400 and 800 or even 1600 and 3200 isn't major. Having said that given I photograph weddings I wouldn't want to have lenses slower than F2.8. For most people this won't be important, since the center cross type focus point of the 40D is rated at F5.6.
In summary - the 40D rocks, it's a major advance on the 20D/30D for people who earn a living from their cameras. The keeper ratio jumps because of the new AF system. The 17-55 rocks so hard I have two of them - just in case on fails (it's not the most reliable lens in the world). The 24-70 not so much - no IS and a bit long on a 1.6 camera. The 24-105 F4L rocks if you have enough light. On a 5D the 24-105 is the sharpest combo i've ever seen, it's astounding, almost to the point gaussian blur is needed.