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Thread started 22 Apr 2008 (Tuesday) 00:45
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Cause of Fringing

 
Bill ­ Boehme
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Apr 27, 2008 18:11 as a reply to  @ post 5414670 |  #46

Why purple (violet), well ...

I've been doing more thinking ... it can be a dangerous thing, but bear with me. The most perplexing question about the whole thing is why is the color purple (or something that sort of looks like purple)? I think that the answer might have something to do with what the index of refraction curve looks like for optical glass. Crown glass and flint glass are two types of glass commonly used in optics. Higher quality optics use both mated together in order to take advantage of their complementary refractive characteristics in order to minimize chromatic aberrations. Cheap optics usually just use crown glass or maybe only both types for the objective element only.

I discovered that the index of refraction curve for crown glass is not the nice gentle curve that I expected, but instead changes slope very abruptly at the short wavelengths (blue end of the spectrum). See the graph below.


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The index of refraction to the right of the green line (approximately 400 nanometers which is blue-violet) is approximately a linear function of wavelength. At the infrared end of the graph (approximately 1600 nanometers), the index of refraction is approximately 1.50. The longest wavelength visible light is approximately 700 nanometers and the index of refraction is still approximately 1.50. At 400 nanometers, the index of refraction is approximately 1.53.

Between the green line and the red line (approximately 250 nanometers, which is slightly past the range of of visible light and into ultraviolet) the index of refraction changes much more rapidly with wavelength. The index of refraction at the red line is approximately 1.57.

The left end of the x=axis represents a wavelength of approximately 200 nanometers and the index of refraction is somewhat greater than 1.6. Why mention light outside the range of human vision? Well, film and camera sensors are not human and they can see things that we can't. However the filters will take care of most of this ultraviolet light.

The most important thing from the graph is that the amount of dispersion at the blue-violet end of the visible spectrum is significant compared to the rest of the spectrum, so while corrective optics could address chromatic aberration at longer wavelengths, there would still be residual fringing at the violet end of the spectrum. The effect is weak so it would be masked in a multicolored image, but would be much more visible as a fringe around the perimeter of an area of white light.

Thanks for your indulgence and now I am ready for the funny farm. Geez, this is worse than pixel peeping, sensor dust, and crop factor all rolled into one.

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Glenn ­ NK
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Apr 27, 2008 19:36 |  #47

Actually Bill, I think you've nailed it. As soon as I started reading your post, I thought about what we memorized in physics about the spectrum:

V - I - B - G - Y - O - R (some memorized it the othe way around.

Violet, indigo, and blue have the shortest wavelengths as you noted.

Incidentally for those that do underwater photography, this graph explains why at very shallow depths, the reds disappear, then the oranges, then the yellows, then the greens etc.

At 10 metres (33 feet - approximately one atmosphere down), there is virtually no red left, and that's why underwater photos often look bluish - the warm colours are gone or disappearing.

No, you are not ready for the funny farm.

Well done - two thumbs up.:cool:


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canonloader
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Apr 27, 2008 20:03 |  #48

I've been noodeling on the sensor/film thing myself. I think what we have here is a combination of both bad glass fopr film and digital sensors, and in the case of the 40D showing purple fringe with a certain lens in a certain setting, I think it's either that vibrating cover glass, or the coating on the filter in front of the sensor, if they are even different parts. It would be too easy if it were just one or the other. :)


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Bill ­ Boehme
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Apr 27, 2008 20:09 as a reply to  @ canonloader's post |  #49

And, don't forget about bad eyes, too. ;) Purple fringing can be also seen when looking through a refractor astronomical telescope even without bad CA and has been well collimated. Since reflectors don't have CA, I suppose that they also do not have purple fringing.


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Apr 27, 2008 20:16 |  #50

I compensate for aging eyes by blowing it up to 400% in CS3. :)


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Bill ­ Boehme
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Apr 28, 2008 23:29 as a reply to  @ canonloader's post |  #51

One last purple fringe example ...

I mentioned inpost #42 that I made a test shot of "purple fringing" by shooting into the sun through a tree canopy using my EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM lens mounted on my XTi to get a worst case scenario for purple fringing. This not really a direct comparison to the results that I have seen from my EF 75-300 f/4-5.6 III lens, but I already know that it exhibits the problem in abundance at the slightest provocation.

So, the first image is what I saw in post processing:

IMAGE: http://www.pbase.com/bill_boehme/image/96291885/original.jpg

Really horrible, isn't it? Did I mention that this is a 400% crop? This is pixel peeping at its worst ... so what does a more reasonably sized crop of the image look like? The next image shows a 50% crop of an expanded area of the image. The purple fringing can still be seen, but it really isn't too bad considering the shooting conditions. The position of the solar disk is behind the dense cluster of leaves just below the red circled area.

IMAGE: http://www.pbase.com/bill_boehme/image/96291887/original.jpg

Using the Hue/Saturation/Lightne​ss tool trick referenced by Mitch, I reduced the amount of purple to essentially nothing, but of course it won't help with the badly blown out highlights that makes the image in the vicinity of the sun look like what happens to movie film when it jams in front of the carbon arc.

First, a 50% crop of the "de-purpled" (new word) image. :)

Sorry, but I could not resist erasing the blown out whites and putting a blue sky. It might not look great, but it is at least as good as the pure white sky.

IMAGE: http://www.pbase.com/bill_boehme/image/96291888/original.jpg

Finally, back to pixel peeping at 400% crop of the same area shown previously to show the improvement. I patched in a bit of the "Before" image to make it more obvious how well the tool works.

IMAGE: http://www.pbase.com/bill_boehme/image/96291886/original.jpg

I know that this is sick, but I am enjoying fixing purple fringing so much that I actually am wanting to take images with purple fringing as a challenge to fix them. Loony bin, here I come.

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canonloader
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Apr 29, 2008 07:21 |  #52

Isn't it nice to have a tutorial that actually works this good? :lol:


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