I've used both lenses in questions and a few others as well, here's my two cents:
The 17-40, which I've owned and used for three + years, has awesome contrast and saturation straight out of camera. My copy is very sharp - it truly is a great landscape lens but it is not ideal as walkaround / general purpose. 40mm is a bit short and F/4 is limiting. That being said, if you're looking to shoot mostly stopped down you can't beat the value of this lens and the quality of the images it produces straight out of camera.
I had the tamron 17-50 F/2.8 at the same time as the 17-40 as I had a need for F/2.8 - this lens produces extremely saturated images however the color is a bit different (warmer) than what comes out of Canon (cooler). I found myself backing off the saturation on this one, upping the contrast, and cooling the WB a tad. This is a very sharp lens but the AF accuracy in low light leaves a bit to be desired. Images needed very little sharpening when it got the focus right.
I also briefly had the 17-55 F/2.8 IS, hands down this is the most versatile lens of the bunch. The sharpness on this lens was good, all the way to wide open. I would say the sharpness was on par with the tamron 17-50 (which was very good) with a higher keeper rate due to superior focusing. While the images were not as saturated and contrasty as the 17-40, this is an easy fix in post processing. I'm mainly concerned with sharpness. Images from this lens seemed quite cool.
24-70 F/2.8 L - I am currently using this lens along with the 17-40. If you are looking for saturation, contrast, and sharpness this lens has it all. It truly has the best out of camera color/contrast of any lens I've used, none of this really needs to be added in post. Reds really pop out of this lens. I see you are currently using the 17-55 / 24-70 combination - to note I find switching between the 17-40 / 24-70 to be bothersome, and I'm looking at switching to one lens to cover most of the range these two do.
While I love my 17-40 and it will be staying in my stable I am looking at picking up another 17-55 F/2.8 IS for the sheer versatility and IQ it has. I hope this helps you out some. Good luck!