If you don't know how to open the shutter and mirror, then you haven't used the blower properly either.
I can only emphasize, don't raise the mirror with your fingers or anything else other than the Sensor Clean on the camera's menu and don't dink with the shutter curtain. There is just too much opportunity for things to go terribly, terribly wrong.
Turn your camera on. Push the "Menu" button. Scroll through the menu items until you reach "Sensor Clean." I don't have a 40D, but I take it you can select "Manual Cleaning." When you do that, the mirror will go up and the shutter will open and it will stay that way until you turn the camera off. With the mirror up and the shutter open, use the blower. When you think you have gotten as much as you can to come loose, turn the camera off. The mirror will come down and the shutter will close. Don't forget to turn off the camera or the mirror doesn't come down, the shutter doesn't close, and the battery will be run down. Shoot some test shots. Clear sky is a good test subject for this. If there is junk still there, repeat the process, but instead of just using the brush, now would be the time for whatever sensor cleaning method you chose.
The thing you clean is not actually the sensor, but is a piece of coated optical glass in front of the sensor. Fortunately, the sensor is behind the glass, reasonably safe from our ham-fisted meddling. I sure wouldn't want to scratch that glass, though.