And a fourth option not yet mentioned.
Compete on service. Woo your clients so that its not just the image quality, but the experience and service. Ie, I have a BMW and when I get it serviced, they rape me in costs. But while doing it, they wash my car, they vacuum the interior and seats, they serve me high end coffee while waiting, they fix little things if noticed, they give me a free loaner car if its more than a few hours, etc.
Take the same approach. Give them a upscale experience, and they won't mind the cost. They will be able to brag to their friends that when they had their portrait done with XYZ, was served a glass of wine and expensive chocolates during the proof reviews, the portrait setting was nice, good music, etc, etc.
And who doesn't like to brag. Give them a great experience and they will brag. People like to show off, or share a pleasant experience. Excellent word of mouth advertising. These things will cost more, butyou could probably even raise your rates slightly to cover the increased costs, and still do very well in spite of the competition. Unless he follows suit, he will be servicing the clients that shop on price, while you will be building a stable of clients that appreciate quality and service.
I always say this, because its so true. A Kia dealership can open up right next door to a Mercedes dealer, yet the two never compete. Its no different with photographers! Two different classes of clients. If he is going after the low end, pick the high end, take aim, and go for it. Its the better road to travel anyway!