I believe the 580EXII will tell the camera of the color temperature the flash generated. The color temperature of the flash varies as the flash power level varies. So to get a correct color temperature for the white balance, the flash has to tell the camera the color temperature for the flash power it used.
As promising as this sounds, the color temperature vs power level curve for the flash camera is bell shaped IIRC. So you can't say that a flash instructed color temperature of X translated into a power level of Y. So it doesn't seem that you can reliably determine flash power used from the flash color temperature value.