There are occasions where I need to travel super light and super portable with no handtrucks or any more gear than I can carry in three bags with one on my back and one on each shoulder or in hand. The lighting is with one Nikon SB-900 Speedlight.
This is not about what I shoot or where I shoot or time of day and has nothing to do with overpowering or combating the Sun. It's not about center to edge falloff or the ability to add grids or any of those discussions.
The comparison, if you will, is nothing more than a meter reading taken at the center of the hot spot from 4 feet away at ISO200. You Canon guys will lose a stop at your base ISO of 100 but that doesn't change the comparison of relative efficiency, which is what this IS about. I used a Sekonic L-758DR, mounted on a light stand and always measured 4 feet from the source of illumination to the front of the meter's dome.
I simply wanted to know, based on the modifiers I own, which of them gives me the most output and then I would look at which are useful in what applications and choose accordingly. With Speedlight's, regardless of how many, the idea for me has always been to maximize output and be able to work at power levels lower than full power. Full power pops really put a drain on battery life and recycle time.
For each modifier, an initial reading was taken without any diffusion or deflectors. Then I added diffusion based on how I use modifiers and what I find to be most common. With a softbox or octa I took readings with the inner diffusion baffle and then with both inner and outer layers or diffusion. You can see how the size and shape of the modifier seem to apparently change the light loss with diffusion but if you were to take each piece of diffusion material and hold it in front of a bare flash with no softbox or modifier mounted you would see very little change and the loss is not that much at all.
So, on to the numbers.
Photek 46" Softlighter II
• no deflector disc, no diffusion - f/8 + .4
• with silver deflector disc - f/8 + .7
• with silver deflector disc and outer diffusion - f/8 + .2
Photoflex 24" x 32" Softbox (white interior)
• no diffusion - f/11 + .6
• with inner diffusion baffle - f/8 + .9
• with inner diffusion baffle and outer diffusion - f/8 + .5
Cheetah Qbox24
• no diffusion - f/16 + .4
• with inner diffusion baffle f/11 + .7
• with inner difffuion baffle and outer diffusion - f/8 + .6
Elinchrom 39" Deep Octa
• no diffusion - f/11 + .9
• with inner diffusion baffle - f/11 + .1
• with inner diffusion baffle and outer diffusion - f/8 + .2
Generic 36" Octa
• no diffusion - f/11 + .7
• with inner diffusion baffle - f/11 + .3
• with inner diffusion baffle and outer diffusion - f/8 + .8
Make what you will of this information. If it applies to you or helps, then that's excellent. If not, that's ok too. 

