All the information you need is in the (DAM) Digital Asset Management book. Cataloging, software, backup methodology, storage solutions, metadata, hardware, derivative management, file migration, software compatibility and data sharing, etc. Its a very deep subject, and the more you images you have, the more questions that will crop up.
There is nothing worse than finding yourself in a mess later because the storage and cataloging were thrown together without a clear insight into the future. What may seem logical and easy today, could cause a huge headache down the road. Its really best to take a month or two to really explore the asset management requirements, and then set a solution in motion. The DAM book will really get you set in the right direction.
As for Lightroom, perhaps. Its easy for today, but it was never designed as a cataloging product. There are shortcomings and limitations that can be a big set back later on down the road. I love Lightroom and use it extensively on a daily basis, but only for current work. Once projects are completed, they get archived and cataloged with archival software (such as Portfolio Extensis, Media Expressions, etc). Those programs handle more than just images, and will catalog all your media even if you shoot images, video, audio, and so on. They are also so much faster than Lightroom, but also compatible with Lightroom in a partner type scenario.
Definitely take the time to really research this. The 10 hours spent now could save you 100 hours later in file migration, fixing metadata compatibility issues, and so on.